Leadership Style and Management-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Compose a Literature Review on Leadership of the 21st Century. Answer: Presentation Initiative alludes to the demonstration of driving a gathering of people for the satisfaction of shared objectives with similar targets and assurance, ordinarily inside an association. It is the demonstration of getting others accomplish something in a way in which the pioneer needs it to be (Kuratko 2007). As called attention to by Chhokar, Brodbeck and House (2013), Leadership is the way toward setting up an engaged vision, imparting the vision to the individuals and giving them information and direction for the satisfaction of the vision. They have to be able to move others to beat the contenders in the wake of thinking about testing objectives. The 21st century has seen a radical move in the patterns of initiative as applied to practically all areas over the globe. Pioneers in the 21st century consider changes realized in the customary authority styles to support all because of changes in the economy and globalization. Another age of pioneers is making an imprint on the worldwide stage with creative thoughts and spotlight on reasonable predominant force (Wilson 2017). The current paper is a basic writing survey of 21st-century authority. The point of the survey is to give a rundown, examination and assessment of the exploration subject. The paper talks about center skills for administration and the distinctions with conventional authority capacities. The elements for change in 21st-century initiative and difficulties confronting 21st-century pioneers are after that reflected upon. The importance of authority in the board and the idea of administration hypothesis as foud to be changing with time is likewise featured in the paper. The paper gives key thoughts from existing writing. An obvious end result is advanced toward the finish of the paper. Center skills for authority in 21st Century As opined by Uslu, Bubul and Cubuk (2015), initiative methodologies in the 21st century embrace a majority rule, comprehensive and transformational perspective on the administration. The representatives are continually pushed to apply power over the assignments they do and get told of the issues and difficulties looked all the time. Pioneers of the 21st Century urge the supporters to advance recommendations and proposition about how their own abilities and information can be utilized for better execution. This type of administration is fundamentally transformational authority style. Pioneers give the adherents the opportunity to make creative and elective approaches to settle the current issues. Value-based pioneers may embrace a precise and fair-minded prize and discipline plot for settling the contentions. Despite what might be expected, present day pioneers give more space to activity and more opportunity. Pioneers of the cutting edge world help the dedication and strengthening of the devotees to a more profound degree. Jayashree and Sadri (2016) revealed that the new initiative style of the 21st century considers a mix of original thoughts and morals as an aptitude blend for driving from the front. Future and present corporate pioneers will in general act morally, and there is a consistency in such manner. Furthermore, the pioneers are reliable and are regularly found in the deontological mode. Ruwhiu and Elkin (2016) featured that a pioneer in the 21st century adjusts the character of corporate administration and maintains duties so that there are no odds of scrutinizing his believability. A sound strain is frequently kept up among change and convention. Ahmad (2015) expressed that pioneers in the 21st century are relied upon to mix the change wherein the framework can be made applicable and dynamic for generally speaking working. Further, worldwide authority is been generally shown in the worldwide stage. Pioneer jobs additionally spread the commitment in exceptional exchange with supporters. OConnell (2014) set forward an improved structure for 21t century pioneers advancement. According to the creator, the five convictions that 21st century pioneers consider are worship, learning, validness, flaneur and administration. These develops are the compositions that pioneers allude to as rule standards preceding adjusting new picking up, increasing new encounters and confronting new degrees of multifaceted nature. The distinction with the customary initiative style is that rather than the idea of authority pervasive in more seasoned occasions, present day pioneers follow severe standards for changing their course of work life. With various meanings of the board and hierarchical force coming to fruition, it has been clear that the pioneers in the 21st century have an expanded comprehension of the noteworthiness of solid activities taken in a joint effort with the directors at all levels for building up supportable upper hands as the key base for beneficial development of the association. Administration has demonstrated a continuous move towards the administrative method of performing undertakings since these strategies have been seen as increasingly successful in increasing expanded yield (Ayranci and Ayranci 2015). Deinert (2015) bring into center that transformational authority is broadly acknowledged at present occasions for tending to issues appropriate in the evolving, current, and dubious workplace. Its prosperity has along these lines been elevated as of late. Elements of progress for 21st Century initiative As indicated by Kuratko (2007), it tends to be called attention to that the expanded strain to beat the rising number of rivals in a globalized showcase has driven new pioneers to move toward administrative styles for accomplishment of authoritative destinations. The key message circling over the various circles of the cutting edge world is that constant advancement regarding procedures and advances and serious methodology in the worldwide market decides the exhibition in the twenty-first century. Changed initiative style is vital for pioneers to thrive and succeed. Pioneers need to make creative thoughts and continually empower the supporters towards a changed viewpoint. Changes in administration style are important for the equivalent. As indicated by Uslu, Bubul and Cubuk (2015), the far reaching growth in the usage of various correspondence channels and the data age with simple access to data has achieved distinctive authority necessities. Ayub, Manaf and Hamzah (2014) pinpointed that powerful authority in the 21st century is declared by the viability and method of correspondence. Transitional changes have happened in how pioneers speak with the devotees. With the advancement of individuals and time, authority idea has additionally changed for modifying with the most recent patterns saw in human connections. Bedrule-Grigoruta (2012) gave knowledge into the way that the steady interest of applying a progressively adaptable and dynamic initiative has realized changes in authority style. For various multi-faceted reasons, pioneers have taken up unmistakable highlights from various hypotheses and models of authority and incorporated them together to suit the requirements of the associations for accomplishing maintainability. In a comparative setting, Walker and Walker (2011) needs to state that venture initiative needs to adjust to satisfy the necessities of the 21st century in the event that it needs to stay suitable and huge. The 21st-century world has seen intense changes from the previous century with worldwide monetary emergency turning into a wellspring of the changes. Against the foundation of generational changes, it is currently an ideal opportunity to consider changes achieved in authority. Hit, Haynes and Serpa (2010) has been seen to express that globalization is as accused for what has befallen the worldwide situation of administration. In the wake of looking at the serious scene of the 21st century, it is normal that vital pioneers would change how they act. Since they required to convey and build up another vision, developed center abilities and put the focal point of use of human capitals, they realized changes in their administration style. Titu, Raulea and Titu (2015) contend that support of authoritative culture requests developing administration styles and the executives in moral practices. Executing adjusted control among traditional and present day authority style is urgent. In expressions of Anderson (2016) workers of present world are increasingly individualistic. The past hypothesis of transformational administration isn't fruitful in getting ready directors. Helpful inspiration is less engaging now and again, and workers at present have various insights about administration than past ages. All these are factors for an initiative change. Difficulties confronting 21st century authority 21ST century pioneers are looked by numerous difficulties due to incredibly brutal and continually evolving markets. As of now, business pioneers are battling to stay aware of changes in most recent innovative progressions and dependence on traditionalist methodology has made it considerably progressively hard for them grasp the new change in business advertise. To endure the difficulties of the 21st century, pioneers must choose the option to advance in business (Yukl and Mahsud, 2010). The audit of research proof identified with difficulties for present day pioneers demonstrates that pioneers face difficulties in making a development culture in association. Oke et al. (2009) makes reference to that specific range of abilities are fundamental for pioneers to advance representatives creative conduct in association. De Jong and Den Hartog (2007) explored about the sorts of initiative conduct that can advance individual development. On assessment of initiative conduct as indicated by the change administration, participative authority and pioneer part trade hypothesis, transformational authority was speculated to energize imagination. Be that as it may, the difficulties for present day pioneer emerge on the grounds that positive linkage among assignment and thought age isn't found. For example, conceding representatives opportunity and self-sufficiency is important to encourage development procedure and this causes worker to investigate and challenge ide

Esperanza Rising Essay Sample free essay sample

This treatment usher for Esperanza Rising qualities guided understudy requests with answers accommodated an educator. Book SummaryEsperanza trusted her life would be awesome everlastingly. She could ever populate on her family’s spread in Mexico. She could ever hold extravagant gowns and an excellent spot loaded up with retainers. Father and Abuelita could ever be with her. In any case, an abrupt catastrophe breaks her universe and Esperanza and Mama escape to California. where they settle in a cantonment for Mexican ranch laborers. Esperanza isn’t prepared for the troublesome work. monetary fights welcomed on by the Great Depression. what's more, insufficiency of belief she presently faces. At the point when Mama gets sick. furthermore, a work stoppage for better working conditions takes steps to deracinate their new life. Esperanza must happen a way to lift over her difficult conditions in light of the fact that Mama’s life and her ain rely upon it. Creator Inf ormation Pam Munoz Ryan. has composed more than 25 books for youthful individuals including the novel. Esperanza Rising. victor of the Pura Belpre Medal. the Jane Addams Peace Award. an ALA Top Ten Best Book for Young Adults. also, the Americas Award Honor Book. Her new. Riding Freedom has accumulated numerous honors including the national Willa Cather Award. what's more, the California Young Reader Medal. Her picture books for the extremely youthful and picture books for more established perusers. incorporate the honor winning Amelia and Eleanor Go for a Ride andWhen Marian Sang. the collector of the ALA Sibert Honor and NCTE’s Orbis Pictus Award. She got her Bachelor’s and Master’s Degrees at San Diego State University. She currently lives in north San Diego County with her hubby and four children. Pam Munoz Ryan was brought up in California’s San Joaquin Valley. She is the most seasoned of three sisters and the most established of 23 cousins on her mother’s side. She grew up with a large number of her aunties and uncles and grandparents close by and views herself as truly American since her social foundation is a social collection. She is Spanish. Mexican. Basque. Italian. what's more, Oklahoman. During some long. sweltering vale summers. she burned through the greater part of her clasp siting her cruiser to the library. It turned into her preferred bowed out in light of the fact that her family unit didn’t have a pool and the library was cooled! That’s how she got snared on perusing and books. After school. she realized that she needed to work in a calling that had something to make with books. what's more, she felt that would learn. She turned into an educator. a chief thus. at the consolation of a companion who figured she could form. started her first book. That’s when she in the end comprehended what she really needed to make. Propose Answers to Literature Circle Questions 1. How is Esperanza be aftering to spend her birthday? What does she expect go oning? What truly occurs? Esperanza foresees a fete on her birthday. get bringing down with a divertimento from her male parent and the work powers on the spread. followed by numerous delightful endowments ( pp. 9-10 ) . On the other hand. her male parent does non come back from the field and along these lines his natural structure is found ( p. 22 ) and she learns he has been slaughtered by scoundrels ( p. 24 ) . 2. Who is Tio Luis? What does he want from Esperanza’s female parent? Does Esperanza like him? Why? Tio Luis is one of Papa’s relatives ( Tio Marco is the other ) and the neighborhood bank president. After Papa’s perish. he needs to get hitched Mama with the goal that he non just acquires the land. in any case, other than impact and force with the goal that he can run for senator ( pp. 31-33 ) . Esperanza does non wish Tio Luis. she thinks he is too much â€Å"serious and gl ooming. † and that he and Tio Marco â€Å"looked like two not well taken care of billy caprine creatures. † ( p. 19 ) . Her male parent had said Tio Luis adores â€Å"money and influence more than individuals. † and he is viewed as a â€Å"devious. risky grown-up male. † ( p. 33 ) . He takes steps to do life unthinkable for Mama on the off chance that she will non get hitched him. furthermore, to coordinate Esperanza off to get oning school on the off chance that she does. 3. For what reason do Esperanza and Mama need to go forward El Rancho de las Rosas? For what reason do they hold to go forward stealthily? Tio Luis consumes the spread to the land ( pp. 39-42 ) and takes steps to make the equivalent to the servants’ places if Mama will non get hitched him. She concurs. be that as it may, then again makes projects to escape to America ( pp. 46-50 ) . They should go stealthily in light of the fact that Tio Luis’ choler at the mortification would be incredible to the point that he would make anything to happen them and take counter. 4. What kind of individuals does Esperanza run into on the train? How can she experience about them and handle them? What does her female parent think about her conduct? Esperanza meets provincials and homeless people on the train. accepting â€Å"they do non look extremely trusty. † ( p. 67 ) in spite of the fact that they are in certainty all truly sort. She does non experience she has a place with them. At the point when a laborer miss endeavors to contact her doll. she snaps it off and returns it in her valise. doing her female parent to apologize for her terrible habits 5. Depict Miguel and Esperanza’s well disposed relationship. What do they hold in like manner? What are their disparities? Miguel and Esperanza both experienced childhood with El Rancho de las Rosas. furthermore, would play together as often as possible when they were little. Both adored and regarded Papa. also, Papa treated Miguel about like a kid. Esperanza had needed to get hitched Miguel when she was a youthful miss. be that as it may, as she became more seasoned she felt the distinctions in their stations-she as the spread owner’s young lady. what's more, he as the housekeeper’s child and that â€Å"between them ran a profound stream. † ( pp. 17-18 ) . In spite of this they have incredible extravagant for each other. despite the fact that they only sometimes talk. At the point when they move to California and the work cantonment. Miguel is increasingly handy about what should be done in light of the fact that he has worked for his entire life. It takes Esperanza clasp to larn this. By the terminal of the book. the stream between them has been evacuated ; they share a lot of practically speaking ( and it looks likely they may one twenty-four hours wed ) . 6. Show a portion of the difficulties that Esperanza experiences when she go es to the homestead workers’ cantonment. For what reason would they say they were so difficult for her? The lodge they live in helps Esperanza to remember a horse’s stable ( p. 102 ) ; she does non cognize how to wash nappies or attire ( pp. 114-115 ) ; how to use a brush ( pp. 140142 ) ; or how to cook or feed the darlings ( pp. 140-142 ) . She feels that Hortensia. her previous retainer. will even now wash her ( pp. 126-127 ) . She was spoiled in her previous lifestyle in Mexico and neer needed to larn to take consideration of these things for herself. Hortensia says on page 126. â€Å"We are acquainted with making things a specific way. aren’t we? † 7. Who are you progressively like-Esperanza when she principal shows up at the homestead cantonment or Isabel? Why? Answers will change a few students may put with Esperanza’s inconveniences seting to life in the cantonment. while others may happen Isabel’s positive thinking engaging. Then again. Esperanza may be viewed as spoilt in her underlying diseases and narrow-mindedness. also, Isabel as innocent - as when she fantasies about being picked as Queen of the May. albeit no Mexican miss is ever picked. 8. On page 133 Esperanza inquires as to why Marta is so furious and Josephina offers her one record. Make you hold with her answer? Why? What other potential grounds are at that place for Marta’s choler? Josephina clarifies th at Marta and her family unit are irate about the conditions in which they are compelled to populate as transient specialists. There is room here to talk what sentiments and activities are reasonable and absurd when condition of affairss are uncalled for. Will fighting out of line condition of affairss have any kind of effect. or on the other hand make a few people only prefer to kick? 9. How does chipping away at finishing Abuelita’s spread support Esperanza when her female parent is sick? What does it help her to remember? What do you trust it represents? Taking a shot at the spread helps Esperanza to remember Abuelita’s love and great needs ( p. 159 ) . furthermore, of her guarantee to Abuelita to take consideration of Mama ( p. 160 ) . The vale and mountains in the spread can be believed to encapsulate the high points and low points in Esperanza’s venture through life. It other than fills in as a suggestion to â€Å"not be reluctant to get down finished. † as Abuelita discloses to Esperanza when she is larning to stitch ( p. 15 ) and Isabel at the terminal of the book ( p. 253 ) . Esperanza must get down over in America. simply as Abuelita did when she came to Mexico from Spain as a miss. 10. Rehash the portrayal on pages 176-178 of Esperanza’s hospital visit to her female parent. Is it a cheerful visit or an upsetting one? Bo lster your idea with inside informations from the content. The visit appears to be confident. in spite of the fact that Esperanza’s female parent doesn’t wake up. The Christmas presents different visitants are passing on to the hospital are bright. also, however Esperanza wishes she could hold brought more than the little stone she’d found in the Fieldss it is as yet a look of adoration. She advises her kiping female parent that Miguel thinks Papa’s roses show characteristics of developing. what's more, trusts that the spread will pass on shading to her cheeks. In isolating Esperanza says. â€Å"Don’t concern. I will take consideration of everything. I will be la patronaof the family unit now. † Esperanza is determining affirmation and quality. also, trusts her female parent will better. each piece great. 11. Envision you were removed from your life at this moment and set in a work cantonment like Esperanza’s. How might you react? What might be hard for you? What might be simple? Answers will change. Life at the work cantonment is hard and unfair. especially contrasted with Esperanza’s old spot of riches. While understudies may encounter brus

How People With ADHD Can Get Through a To-Do List

How People With ADHD Can Get Through a To-Do List ADHD Living With ADD/ADHD Print How People With ADHD Can Get Through a To-Do List By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Updated on July 27, 2019 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Dave and Les Jacobs/Kolostock/Blend Images/Getty Images Why is it often so hard to get things started? For people with ADD, tasks that need to get done can seem so overwhelming â€"  the pile of laundry, the dusting, and mopping, the cabinet reorganizing. It often feels easier to do nothing. As more and more of these uncompleted jobs add up, tackling any of them seems to be an impossible chore. What Does It Take to Get a Job Done? Dr. Ned Hallowell, psychiatrist and founder of the Hallowell Center for Cognitive and Emotional Health and co-author of the book, Driven to Distraction, as well as ?the  author of many other books on mental health, explains that initiating and completing a task requires: An organized (and often hierarchical) understanding of the tasks steps.An ability to transition successfully from step to step.An ability to stay focused for a long enough period of time to complete all the steps.An ability to finalize the project and move on. How ADHD Gets in the Way of Completing Tasks “Three of these areas â€"  organizing, transitioning and focusing  â€" are particularly difficult for people with ADHD,” notes Dr. Hallowell. “In fact, so much so, that these characteristics are used to help diagnose whether or not someone has ADHD in both the DSM-IV and the World Health Organization screening test for ADHD.” Dr. Hallowell explains that it is how your brain is wired that makes it so hard to start a new task, particularly a boring one. “ADHD is a way of being in the world that results from complex interactions in your brain (brain imaging shows that your brain responds in different areas and with different intensity than in those without ADHD), and how the neurotransmitters in your brain send (or dont send) dopamine and other important chemicals in response to certain stimuli.” In other words, a task that is mundane and uninteresting is simply not stimulating to your ADHD brain. A Spoonful of Sugar Makes Boring Tasks Fun Luckily, there are ways to get around this issue. “The best way is to find a way to make the task fun,” says Dr. Hallowell. “If you have to do laundry, perhaps you can sort it by practicing your free throw with your rolled-up socks, or plugging in your iPod and dancing while you wash. If you cant make the entire task fun, then break it into smaller pieces with rewards interspersed. For example, pay the first 50% or your bills, then break for a latte, finish the second half and reward yourself with something you really love! (No cheating! Dont give yourself the prize until youre finished!)” Dr. Hallowell emphasizes the importance of a positive approach. “Allow yourself to feel proud of the fact that you started (and finished) your task. The ability to feel good about your accomplishment makes the next similar assignment easier. Some people find that reminding themselves that starting a task is important for another person, such as a spouse, also helps them get started. Anything that you can do to make the task feel less onerous as you anticipate it will help. Though the specific solution for each person is different, the best path to get there is to let your playful side shine.”

is poverty the main factor affect crime - 5090 Words

Introduction In the essay I’m going to talk about criminology and criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminals. Is one social group involved in crime more than other social groups? Crime is an unlawful act punishable by the state, harmful act or omission against the public which the state wishes to prevent and which, upon conviction is punishable by fine, imprisonment and in some countries death. No conduct constitutes a crime unless it is declared criminal in the laws of the country and poverty is the state of being extremely poor and being without things, having little money, not many material possessions and the need of essential goods. Being poor means people have nothing and struggle to survive every day. Some†¦show more content†¦But the only problem I had with the book is that it had a lack of criticism for my essay and I needed it to keep my argument balanced. Overall, the sociology book was the most useful out of everything in my research but even though it was useful it still pushed me to for further research. [John William] ‘the seductions of crime’ In this newspaper article john William tried to explain why crime exist with sociological evidence supporting what he has written, this was useful because [Tracy shildrick and Robert McDonald] ‘Understanding youth subcultures’ Discussion MARXISM AND CRIME Marxist theory in general is that they believe that capitalism can only thrive though the explerations of the working class, Marxist believes that they’re a clear link between human nature and the way we operate in a capitalist society. Marxist believes that capitalism is not only an economic system but is also a political system, Marxist believe that a key role in the control of the proletariat is the use of alienation in all aspects of society ; this provides the bourgeoisie with a supple mass of workers who do not mind working for external rewards of a constant wage. Some people say that the main factor that links in with crime is poverty and strong example of people who think this is Marxist. Marxist seeShow MoreRelatedThe Link Between Poverty and Crime1654 Words   |  7 Pagesin poverty do not want to be living in poverty. In order to obtain a higher level of socioeconomic status, crime is seen as the only option.† (Wilson, 1987). Crime exists everywhere in the world – in rural and urban areas in many countries, in the East and West, and among all types of people. This has led many government officials, especially those in urban areas, to focus largely on the reduction of crime among their respective constituencies and has led others to speculate on the factors thatRead MoreHow Poverty Causes The Greatest Suffering On Humans1144 Words   |  5 Pagesdescribed that poverty causes the greatest suffering on humans. Poverty leads to people living in a state of financial instability that causes both physical and emotional stress. The problem of poverty has continued to be a problem to both the developing and the developed countries all over the world. The main focus in this paper is on poverty in America and how it affects the American economy. The paper will also find ways to reduce poverty, the new faces of poverty and how it affects the citizensRead MoreThe Strengths Of Labelling Theory And Differential Association Theory1703 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper I argue that Labelling Theory can explain the factor of low socioeconomic status while Differential Association Theory can explain how the factor of family as reasons why some youth join gangs. This paper compares the relative strengths and weaknesses of Differential Association theory and Labelling theory and I argue that Labelling Theory offers the most compelling theoretical perspective to help account for how these factors influence youth to join gangs. I also argue that unlike theRead MorePoverty Is The Main Reason For Crime Rates Accelerating?1353 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many issues in society that can be tied into one another. Poverty alone is a major issue worldwide just as well as crime. So what happens when these two are tied in with each other? Is poverty the main reason for crime rates accelerating? According to Aristotle, poverty is the parent of crime. It seems to be so common in society for criminal s to be the minority that it is rather surprising when they find out a criminal is not a part of the minority. Minorities often, but not always, includeRead MoreFactors That Affect Family Risk Factors1579 Words   |  7 PagesWhen it comes to child delinquency, there are many different risk factors. There is individual risk factors, family, peers, and school and community risk factors. My main focus is on family risk factors because that leads back to poverty. Flores states, â€Å"studies have shown that inadequate child-rearing practices, home discord, and child maltreatment are associated with early-onset delinquency.† (Derzon and Lipsey, 2000) Many risk factors that involve family can tie in with child delinquency for exampleRead MoreThe Impact Of Violence, Crime And Drugs On Poverty978 Words   |  4 PagesVIOLENCE, CRIME AND DRUGS ON POVERTY IN KINGSTON JAMAICA I. Introduction A. Background Poverty serves as a motivation to commit crimes and crime has been a substantial contributing factor to poverty in Jamaica. †¢ In Kingston, Jamaica the violence that takes place is directed at the citizens of the island. According to the Jamaica Crime and Safety Report in 2014, almost 1200 murders took place in 2013. †¢ Jamaican on Jamaican violence is a very common type of violence in Kingston, although crimes rarelyRead MoreIs There A Strong Relationship Between Poverty And Juvenile Delinquency?1655 Words   |  7 PagesThere a Strong Relationship Between Poverty and Juvenile Delinquency? There is a lot of research in the world on whether or not poverty and juvenile delinquency are correlated. Of what I’ve seen, the studies suggest that there is, in fact, a relationship between them. Poverty is a serious issue, and it not only affects the people living in poverty, but it also affects the people around poverty-ridden neighborhoods. This study will address the issue of poverty on juveniles. Moreover, it will unveilRead MoreTda 2.11012 Words   |  5 PagesTDA 2.1 1.2 A child’s development are all interconnected. Different aspects of development can affect one another. Development is holistic, which means one area of development interlinks with another. If a a childs speech is not as developed as its peers due to a physical disability they will not be able to communicate effectively with other children or adults. This could affect their emotional development as they may feel their opinion and needs are not being met due to their failure toRead MoreSocial Patterns Of Subculture And Crime Essay980 Words   |  4 Pagessubculture and crime, i.e., who are more likely to be perpetrators? Victims? Who is most likely to be incarcerated? What crimes are females more likely to commit than males? What is the â€Å"gender contract†? Every year, one out of five people is a victim of a crime in the United States. (8) Have you been a victim of a crime or committed a crime in the last year? In the U.S. approximately 12 million crimes are committed yearly. What factors attribute to crime? The 6 main factors of crime are gender, ageRead MoreThe Relationship Between Poor People and Poor Places Essay1052 Words   |  5 Pages Poverty is seen as a group of different kinds of deprivation. These forms of deprivation are patterned by a series of urban processes, which lead to greater concentration of problems in particular places. The area affects poor people, because the experience of living in a poor area can make people more vulnerable to poverty. People living in poor areas are disadvantaged in their experiences and command over resources. The concept of poverty is a

Themes In Like Water For Chocolate - 1440 Words

Brutal abuse, the true love that cannot come into fruition, and not allowed to think for oneself a normal or un-strong person would have crumbled under these situations. In the book Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel takes us on a roller coaster of emotions beautifully inscribed by the many themes in this book. Theme is defined as the â€Å"main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work.† Throughout the book we are encountered with examples of violence or abuse that leads to the strengthening of the character Tita. The emotional repression that the character Tita experiences within the pages of the book. Lastly, the love that Dr. John Brown expressed to Tita and in returned allowed her to grow as a stronger character. As Laura†¦show more content†¦These quotes represent the sheer abuse that Tita had to deal with and eventually lead to her mental collapse. Similarly, Dr. Joseph S. Volpe a B.C.E.T.S. (Board Certified Expert in Traumatic Stress) states in his research that those who suffer from domestic violence or abuse â€Å"may become withdrawn, non-verbal†¦and [have] sleep difficulty† (Volpe). This is shown by all traits that Tita suffered at one point or another in the book, for example, the case of insomnia Tita developed â€Å"and so she worked on the bedspread and wept furiously, weeping and working until dawn†¦ for as long as she lived† (Esquivel 19). As shown by the author’s own words and the symptoms described by the trauma expert Tita was pushed so far by her mother that she ended up breaking mentally. Furthermore, Esquivel puts Tita though the gauntlet using the theme of emotional repression to keep her weak and obedient to her mother and from truly discovering herself. Early on, the author makes it apparent that Tita’s ideas mean nothing to her mother and Tita is nothing more than a tool to her, â€Å"You don’t have an opinion, and that’s all I want to hear about it. For generations, not a single person in my family has ever questioned this tradition, and no daughter of mine is going to be the one to start† (11). Having to swallow her feelings and ideas Tita was forcefully pushed back by her mother into compliance. Continuing in that manner Mama Elena forces Tita to prepareShow MoreRelatedComparison Essay Like Water for Chocolate vs. Things Fall Apart (Compare and Contrast the Recurring Theme of Traditions)1020 Words   |  5 PagesLike Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe are two novels that revolve around the struggle of adapting to traditions. Both novels take place in areas where tradition is fundamental. Therefore, the characters act different than those around them and are unable to adjust to their traditional lifestyles. . The two main characters in both books, Tita and Okonkwo, find it hard to live up to their own traditions, and fail to adapt to them as they go against theirRead More`` Like Water For Chocolate `` By Laura Esquivel1685 Words   |  7 PagesLaura Esquivel writes that â€Å"There are still some natural forces that everybody understands.† These forces are emotions and experiences that everyone faces, but these moments are not new, they are felt by all humans. In the novel, Like Water for Chocolate, Esquivel frequently uses magical elements to find similar experiences that the reader can relate to with characters in the book. She uses common emotions, sadness, jealousy and love, which are felt by everyone to convey how similar all human experiencesRead MoreLik e Water For Chocolate By Laura Esquivel Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper was influenced through Laura Esquivel’s, Like Water for Chocolate, a tragic romance novel that is denied of love by family tradition. The key topics of this paper that analysis will be touching on are over main characters, theme, and symbolism. This paper explains the importance and the analysis of each main character by their description the author is providing a visual image for the readers to picture. Tradition is not only the theme of the novel but it shows how Mexican tradition isRead More One of the main aspects in the novel Like Water for Chocolate is magical1144 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the main aspects in the novel Like Water for Chocolate is magical realism. The author, Laura Esquivel, uses it to show the main themes Like Water for Chocolate Commentary One of the main aspects in the novel Like Water for Chocolate is magical realism. The author, Laura Esquivel, uses it to show the main themes in the novel, such as the power of food, and passion. It exaggerates the important points in the story so that they can be more easily identified. Foreshadowing can alsoRead MoreLike Water For Chocolate By Laura Esquivel1109 Words   |  5 PagesThe author of â€Å"Like Water for Chocolate†, Laura Esquivel, creates a unique take on books by combining a cook book with a novel. Through the use of delicious recipes to further the story line, it creates a special way of telling a story that leaves readers both hungry and emotional. Each chapter has its own recipe, usually a traditional but nonetheless exquisite recipe that reflects the specific nature of the chapter. Each recipe combines general themes throughout the book such as passion, heat, andRead MoreA Formal Analysis of Lindts Advertisement683 Words   |  3 PagesAdvertisement This is an advertisement of a renowned Swiss chocolate company, Lindt. What is being advertised is the companys well-known product, Lindor. It is a chocolate truffle with a hard chocolate shell and a smooth chocolate filling. The ad is composed of several objects: In the foreground of the image, a chocolate truffle with chocolate filling pouring into it is placed on a marble table; in the background, a chocolate maker with only his half face shown is gazing at the truffle. A sentenceRead MoreLiterary Analysis Essay811 Words   |  4 Pagesand they all live happily ever after. In fact, all protagonists’ fate is decided by the narrator’s hand. Just like the literary works we have recently read, including the poems â€Å"Sunday Greens† by Rita Dove, â€Å"Sinful City† by Jaroslav Seifert and the excerpt from Like Water for Chocolate from Laura Esquivel, the characters’ fate was sealed from that moment. Therefore, the most relevant theme through t hree works is that fate is for those too weak to determine their own destiny. We are fated, sinceRead MoreEssay about Like Water For Chocolate by Laura Esquivel733 Words   |  3 PagesLike Water For Chocolate The film, Like Water for Chocolate, represents a story through incorporating the idea of food as feelings and expressing the woman’s roles during the Mexican Revolution. The film is a romantic-comedy showing many joking ways of hard times and soft issues and the way of life. The most striking and theme seems to be how women seem to be in charge rather then males; during this time period, I thought that men were more likely to be the head of the household and in chargeRead MoreRebellion Against Oppression1599 Words   |  7 PagesHow Does Oppression Within â€Å"Like Water for Chocolate† and â€Å"The House of Bernarda Alba† Lead To Unnatural Consequences? In both ‘Like Water for Chocolate’ and ‘The House of Bernarda Alba’ rebellion against oppression is a strong theme, with both Tita and Adela struggling to break free of their mother’s authoritarianism. However, it is important to realise that with both characters, the authors are using them to symbolise their own journeys. Federico Garcia Lorca uses Adela’s strong willed fightRead MoreThe Theme of Love Essay598 Words   |  3 PagesThe Theme of Love In society today, when someone mentions the word Love and are referring to love between two of no relation, it is guaranteed that at least half the people surrounding you will shudder. Whether it be through observation or experience, people have come to learn that Love is far from being the ideal state in which one should live in and, for that matter, many choose to stay away from it. It is known to break hearts, to hurt feelings and, believe it or not, it truly is not

Chinese Cinderella Extended Response Free Essays

The novel ‘Chinese Cinderella’ is an autobiography written by Adeline Yen Mah, describing her childhood and younger teenage years as an unwanted daugther. Unlike most children, Adeline had a difficult time growing up. All throughout her life she was bullied and looked down upon by most of her family. We will write a custom essay sample on Chinese Cinderella Extended Response or any similar topic only for you Order Now At a young age Adeline is constantly being left behind by her family, leaving her to feel like the unwanted daughter. Throughout the whole novel, Adeline is looked down at and is never acknowledged for her hard work â€Å"Nobody was there to pat my head or congratulate me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  page 17. Adeline’s Father, who is a wealthy businessman, has a small role in the book. This is because Niang seems to be the ‘head of house’. Whenever he is involved, he seems to not care, he is often forgetful or simply uninterested about her, admitting to Adeline â€Å"I have forgotten your Chinese name†¦ † page 140. Even by her siblings Adeline is abused or mistreated, â€Å"But then Mama died giving birth to you. If you had not been born, Mama would still be alive. She’ died because of you. â€Å"You are bad luck. † page 3. †¦He took my right arm under the table and gave it a quick hard twist. † page 10. Although Adeline tries her best to please her father and siblings she is continually being rejected by them. Adeline was looked down on and hated by her family, especially by Niang, who was the hardest to please, throughout Chinese Cinderella, it shows that Niang was never happy with Adeline â€Å"You don’t deserve to be ho used and fed here. Girls like you should be sent away† page 113. Niang physically abuses Adeline by hitting her, kicking her, slapping her. Adeline is always left miserable, lonely and feeling helpless and afraid. One day, Adeline’s classmates had discreetly followed her home, hoping to give her a surprise party. Instead, they heard Niang beating and screaming at her, â€Å"Liar! You planned it, didn’t you, to show off our house to your penniless classmates. How dare you! † page 127. â€Å"I realised Niang’s blows must have caused a nosebleed, and that my face was probably smeared with a mixture of blood, mucus and tears†¦I felt naked and ghastly and vulnerable. † page 129. Niang continues abuse Adeline despite her doing nothing wrong she was unloved by Niang and alone with nobody there to support her. Adeline was different. Her family were the ones who put a label on her and her friends all realised that she was different. She is an unwanted daughter â€Å"†¦despised daughter publicly rejected by her parents. † page 133. Although Adeline is a smart girl going to expensive schools, she does not fit in very well with her classmates. This is because Adeline â€Å"†¦neither receives eggs or visits† â€Å"†¦rushing around in that infantile brown dress. page 194. In chapter 18 is shows that Adeline hates being â€Å"the object of anyone’s charity or pity† Page 195. Even though it is clear Adeline and her classmates were never really on the same level of friendship. Back in the primary school in Shanghai, Adeline where tried hard to fit in with her classmates, She befriended Wu Chun-Mei who quickly became her best f riend, the only one she had during primary. In conclusion all through Adeline’s life Niang shows multiple times through the book that Adeline is not a loved child in her family. How to cite Chinese Cinderella Extended Response, Essay examples

Little Red Mountain Biker Essays - Adventure Travel, Mountain Biking

Little Red Mountain Biker Little Red Mountain Biker and the Big, Fat Motorist One day Little Red Mountain Biker was out on a little fitness ride to her grandmother's house in the country, about 20 miles away. When she was nearly there, when she found herself being harassed by an overweight wolf in a sports car. Recognizing the danger of being hit by his car or being attacked in the lonely woods, she suggested to him on one of his passes that he meet her at Grandma's house, the last house on the road at the edge of the mountain, where no one is home. That gave Red a little bit of peace, but when she got to Grandma's, the wolf was the only one there and was evidently waiting for her inside, either in the living room or possibly even in the bedroom. Rather than go inside, Red shouted, I'm going for a short ride into the woods, do you want to come? You can use Grandpa's mountain bike. We'll have the woods to ourselves. Well, the wolf was not delighted with the opportunity to ride a bike; however, being in the woods alone with Red greatly appealed to him, so he followed. A short distance into the woods, Red chose the trail that plunged off of the mountain. On the 1,000 foot descent, he was not able to quite catch her because of difficulty in controlling the bike. His bulk did give him some advantage, and he got very close to her at the bottom where he was sure she would stop to rest. However, Red had different plans, and immediately began the return climb on another trail. The wolf realized that it was now or never and used his downhill speed to nearly catch her. As he was huffing and puffing and straining and gasping, she turned and looked at him. She said, Oh my, what big bloodshot eyes you got! All the better to see you with, he managed to wheeze out. She continued, And what big red ears you got! All the better to hear you with, he gasped. And what a big, fat belly you got! All the better to, to ... His mind was fogging up; he was seeing spots in front of his eyes. Just then, Red said, Well, good-bye, I've got to hurry back to town; I don't want to be late to teach my Taekwondo class. Then she put the pedal to the metal and rapidly accelerated up the steep hill. Hours later and long after dark, the wolf reached Grandma's house again, badly dehydrated. There he discovered that Grandpa was the county sheriff and that Grandma was a women's rights activist. They had a lot to say to him before they let him leave in his car. But the wolf was no danger anymore; he had completely lost his taste for Red. He preferred the small, weak, and helpless type; Red was small, but she certainly was not weak or helpless. Poetry

What Is a placebo

What Is a placebo A placebo is a procedure or substance with no inherent medicinal value. Placebos are often used in statistical experiments, especially those involving pharmaceutical testing, in order to control the experiment as much as possible. We will examine the structure of experiments and see the reasons for using a placebo. Experiments Experiments typically involve two different groups: an experimental group and a control group. The members of the control group do not receive the experimental treatment and the experimental group does. In this way, we are able to compare the responses of members in both groups. Any differences that we observe in the two groups may be due to the experimental treatment. But how can we be sure? How do we really know if an observed difference in a response variable is the result of an experimental treatment? These questions address the presence of lurking variables. These kinds of variables influence the response variable but are often hidden. When dealing with experiments involving human subjects we should always be on the lookout for lurking variables. A careful design of our experiment will limit the effects of lurking variables. Placebos are one way to do this. Use of Placebos Humans can be difficult to work with as subjects for an experiment. The knowledge that one is a subject of an experiment and a member of a control group can affect certain responses. The act of receiving a medication from a doctor or nurse has a powerful psychological effect on some individuals. When someone thinks they are being given something that will produce a certain response, sometimes they will exhibit this response. Because of this, sometimes doctors will prescribe placeboes with therapeutic intent, and they can be effective treatments for some issues.   To mitigate any psychological effects of the subjects, a placebo can be given to the members of the control group. In this way, every subject of the experiment, in both the control and experimental groups, will have a similar experience of receiving what they think is medication from a health professional. This also has the added benefit of not revealing to the subject if he or she is in the experimental or control group. Types of Placebos A placebo is designed to be as close to the means of administration of the experimental treatment as possible. Thus placebos can take on a variety of forms. In the testing of a new pharmaceutical drug, a placebo might be a capsule with an inert substance. This substance would be chosen to have no medicinal value and is sometimes referred to as a sugar pill. It is important that the placebo mimic the experimental treatment as closely as possible. This controls the experiment by providing a common experience for everyone, no matter which group they are in. If a surgical procedure is the treatment for the experimental group, then a placebo for the members of the control group could take the form of a faked surgery. The subject would go through all of the preparation and believe that he or she was operated on, without the surgical procedure actually being performed.

Overnight Success

Overnight Success â€Å"One press account said I was an overnight success. I thought that was the longest night Ive ever spent.†Ã‚   – Sandra Cisneros Lannan Literary Award for Fiction MacArthur Fellowship American Book Awards Anisfield-Wolf Book Award Im not whats considered a huge, box-office or New York Times Bestseller success, but I do fairly well for myself as a writer and novelist. Ive found a comfort zone in balancing my craft, business, and family. Every so often, someone whos just discovered me asks how I became successful. I can give them the twenty-year version with all its twists, turns, sidesteps and walls, or the blurb about being diligent and ever trying to improve. Someone invariably says I was lucky. Someone will tell me FundsforWriters opened doors for my books, which the average person doesnt have. Some wonder who I knew who gave me a leg up. Some say I must be healthy, not have family problems, or not have to really work outside writing to pay the bills. So many think what I have cannot be achieved And I completely disagree. When writers begin writing, they are accountable to no one but themselves, writing in secret. When they begin publishing, they earn some small degree of spotlight but it will at some time feel its not worth the effort. When they publish regularly, readers suddenly learn their name. Those writers are new blips on readers radar, and No writer is an overnight success. Discovery helps to a certain degree: discovery So when you are tempted to say someone was an overnight success, check yourself. Its almost disrespectful. Writers, as well as entrepreneurs, actors, athletes, and academics, travel a long road to reach success. And you are not excluded from that potential for yourself. Take count of your efforts in the year going out, then project how to improve them in the new. Sometimes thats all it takes . . . the acceptance that every foot in front of the other needs to be uphill, with each year a stronger, more focused journey than the one before. The beginning of overnight success.

Building Effective Networks Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 24

Building Effective Networks - Assignment Example The success stories of networks by the Japanese Keiretsus and Korean Chaebols, international cooperative agreements, regional and economic integration, new organizational forms and structures, international collaboration and uncommon associations. Findings: The findings of the study reveal that the various â€Å"forms and patterns of networks and their impact on societal and organizational functioning† have enhanced the role played by various networks in today’s world (Tung, 2002, p. 99). Practical Implications: The practical implications of the study point out that no world nations can escape itself from the spread and influence of global networks. Similarly, nations that fail to implement or be part of effective organizational and social networks are most likely to lag behind in terms of economic and organizational growth and development. Value to the Reader: The paper offers a number of useful insights to the reader. The reader gets a thorough understanding as to how organizational functioning and behavior are being influenced by global or international networks. Networks also act as effective means in determining organizational change. Globalization has facilitated collaboration between various networks and multinational organizations can benefit the most out of global patterns of networks. However, one should also be aware of the dark sides of networks as they have the potential cause destruction and disruptions. Similarly, the success of effective networks calls for the need to have effective global strategies and trans-national collaborations. Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodology for the study has consisted of interviews and surveys. The researchers â€Å"interviewed HR executives from over 30 companies and collected surveys from executives attending several sessions at the University of Michigan Senior Human Resource Executive Program† (Mendenhall, Black, Jensen, & Gregerson, 2003, p. 20).

Financial analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial analysis - Essay Example Its Critical success factors are looked upon along with the strategies that it has followed over the years to maintain its Market Share in such a competitive industry. Background â€Å"Airbus SAS is an aircraft manufacturing subsidiary of EADS, a European aerospace company. Based in Toulouse, France, and with significant activity across Europe, the company produces around half of the world's jet airliners. Some figures about Airbus are that is it’s a global company having 9 engineering design centers, 15 manufacturing sites, 20 languages, 24 hour customer support (365 days a year), 50 flight simulators, 88 nationalities and more than 5,300 aircraft delivered† (Linkedin, Airbus). American airline manufactures were the first ones to produce aircrafts in bulk quantity hence a competitor was required in Europe. As a response, three of the major European countries; France, United Kingdom and Germany joined together and built up the Airbus Industry. This was a government init iative of the above three countries to built up an organization that can give a proper competition to the American Airline Manufacturers such as Boeing, Lockheed, etc. Airbus came up with A300 as their first product; it was later modified to increase passenger capacity to more than 300 passengers and was known as A380. It was clearly evident that it was collaboration of three countries working together. Airbus’s engines were to be manufactured by Rolls Royce. Initially the company had to bear high development costs as their engines were produced by Rolls Royce. The engine designed by Rolls Royce was also facing major difficulties and delays. Gradually, the company has increased its competition by creating modern aircrafts which are dominating the market (Davies, 2001; Airbus - Gathering Clouds, 2008). The Airbus jetliner products line consists of 14 different aircraft models. All these models are diversified with respect to size, specification and capacity (Airbus.com). Revie w of Management Accounting According to CIMA, Management accounting â€Å"is the practical science of value creation within organizations in both the private and public sectors. It combines accounting, finance and management with the leading edge techniques needed to drive successful businesses. Management accountants operate in financial and non-financial roles throughout organizations and carry out all their training and experience requirements within business itself, providing them with a unique insight into how their organizations operate.† (CIMA Official Website) Management accounting, hence, plays a vital role in the success of any organization. It helps in giving an insight to the managers about the problem areas, risk factors and performance determinants which can be controlled by managerial decisions and processes. Critical Success Factor - Airbus Critical Success Factors in an airline manufacturing industry are the passenger capacity that the company has to offer, i ts performance, the organization’s reputation, etc. Airbus has been a leader in civil aircraft manufacturing for a decade or so in Europe and globally too it is recognized as a market leader along with Boeing, Lockheed, etc. All this is because Airbus has been very good when it comes to

Edna as a Metaphorical Lesbian in Chopin’s The Awakening Essay

Edna as a Metaphorical Lesbian in Chopin’s The Awakening Elizabeth LeBlanc places The Awakening in an interesting context in her essay â€Å"The Metaphorical Lesbian,† as gender criticism must, for Chopin wrote the novel at the end of the 19th century, when homosexuality as an identity emerged culturally, at least in terms of the gay male identity, as proffered by Oscar Wilde across the Atlantic. Lesbianism, too, started to make its debut on the cultural stage, particularly in literature. However, although lesbianism started to emerge during Chopin’s lifetime, it seems doubtful that it played any formative role for Edna’s characterization. Yet gender criticism often requires a reading of a text in light of gender and sexuality regardless of authorial â€Å"intent.† LeBlanc wisely stops short of calling Edna an authentic lesbian, instead appropriating Bonnie Zimmerman’s â€Å"metaphorical lesbian† by which a character â€Å"engages in a variety of woman-identified practices that suggest but stop sh ort of sexual encounters,† often falling into the continuum of female-centered relationships as identif...

Reseach on Shampoo

Study the buying behavior of consumers regarding branded shampoos in Ludhiana Research Project Report Masters in Business Administration By Jasdeep kaur Table of Contents |Chapter No. |Particulars |Page no. |1 |Introduction |8-16 | |2 |Research Methodology |17-20 | |3 |Data Analysis and Interpretation |21-33 | |4 |Results and Findings |34,35 | |5 |Conclusion and Summary |36 | |6 |Appendix |37-40 | |7 |Bibliography |41 | List of tables |S. No. |Particulars |Page No. | |1 |Number of respondents using branded shampoos |21 | |2 |Frequency of using Shampoo in a week |22 | |3 |Awareness level of espondents regarding various brands of shampoos |23 | |4 |Source of information regarding Branded shampoos |24 | |5 |Most important factor of consumer preference |25 | |6 |Preference of brands of shampoos |26 | |7 |Importance level of factors considered by respondents while purchasing |27 | | |Shampoos | | |8 |Brand Switch if particular brand is not available |28 | |9 |Brand Loyalty among consu mers |29 | |10 |Reasons that made respondents stick to one particular brand of shampoo |29 | |11 |Response in regard to intention to stick to the current brand of |30 | | |shampoo being used | | |12 |Satisfaction level of consumers towards their preferred shampoo brand |31 | |13 |Demographic profile of respondents |33 | List of Figures |S. No. |Particulars |Page No. | |1 |Number of respondents using branded shampoos |21 | |2 |Frequency of using Shampoo in a week |22 | |3 |Awareness level of respondents regarding various brands of |23 | | |shampoos | | |4 Source of information regarding Branded shampoos |24 | |5 |Most important factor of consumer preference |25 | |6 |Preference of brands of shampoos |26 | |7 |Importance level of factors considered by respondents while |27 | | |purchasing Shampoos | | |8 |Brand Switch if particular brand is not available |28 | |9 |Brand Loyalty among consumers |29 | |10 |Reasons that made respondents stick to one particular brand of |30 | | |shampoo | | |11 |Response in regard to intention to stick to the current brand of|31 | | |shampoo being used | | |12 |Satisfaction level of consumers towards their preferred shampoo |31 | | |brand | | Chapter I Introduction 1. 1 Shampoo Shampoo is a common hair care product used for the removal of oils, dirt, skin particles, environmental pollutants and other contaminant particles that gradually build up in hair. The goal is to remove the unwanted build-up without stripping out so much as to make hair unmanageable. Shampoo formulations seek to maximize the following qualities: Easy rinsing Good finish after washing hair Minimal skin/eye irritation No damage to hair Feels thick and/or creamy Pleasant fragrance Low toxicity Good biodegradability 1. 2 Evolution The word shampoo in english usage dates back to 1762, with the meaning â€Å"to massage†. The word was a loan from Anglo-Indian shampoo, in turn from Hindi champoo, ie â€Å"to smear, knead the muscles, massage†. It itself comes from Sanskrit/Hindi word â€Å"champa† , the flowers of the plant Michelia champaca which have traditionally been used to make fragrant hair-oil. The term and service was introduced by a Sake Dean Mahomed, who opened a shampooing bath known as Mahomed's Indian Vapour Baths in Brighton in 1759. His baths were like Turkish baths where clients received an Indian treatment of champi (shampooing) or therapeutic massage. During the early stages of shampoo, English hair stylists boiled shaved soap in water and added herbs to give the hair shine and fragrance. Kasey Hebert was the first known maker of shampoo, and the origin is currently attributed to him. During the early stages of shampoo, English hair stylists boiled shaved soap in water and added herbs to give the hair shine and fragrance. Kasey Hebert was the first known maker of shampoo, and the origin is currently attributed to him. 1. 3 Segmentation: Shampoo market is segmented on benefit platforms †¢Cosmetic (shine, health, strength) †¢Anti – Dandruff (AD) †¢Herbal 20% of the total shampoo market is accounted by the AD shampoos. The AD segment is the fastest growing segment, growing at 10% to 12 % every year Usage: The frequency of shampoo usage is very low in India. Most consumers use shampoo only once or twice in a week. In many cases, these products are used on special occasions such as weddings, parties etc. About 50% of consumers use ordinary toilet soaps to wash their hair. About 15% of consumers use toilet soaps as well as shampoo for cleaning their hair. Also 70% of the total shampoo sales are through sachet sales. HLL has higher stakes in the rural market with an 80% share. The bottle sales are popular in the northern region where 50% of the shampoo bottles are sold After a sober growth in 2004 due to the downturn of the FMCG sector, shampoo sector saw strong growth in the next two years due to the introduction of sachets and a surge in rural demand. The overall shampoo market, which sees annual volume sales of approximately 63,000 tonnes, saw rural off take grow by 40% last year, while urban demand grew half that at 21%. From a penetration level of 13% in 2000, now almost a third of the country's rural population uses shampoo with penetration levels zooming to 32% in 2005. While the north and west zones have tripled in penetration, the south and east zones have doubled Urban – 40 % Rural – 10 % Targeted customers: Shampoos are mainly target at Upper middle class, Middle class housewives and upper rural class. However the main segment is Teenagers. 1. 4 Opportunity Penetration of shampoo is very low in India. The average per-capita consumption of shampoo in India is very low at approximately 13 ml and many people in rural India still use toilet soaps. People still perceive shampoo as high end product in the rural areas. This provides a huge opportunity to the players. The huge size of the untapped market leads to a great potential for the existing players. India is and will remain for some time one of the youngest countries in the world. Currently there is a population of 163 m teen in India. Approximately half of the 1 bn plus population is under the age of 20, which is one of the largest consumers of hair care products. This provides huge market for the shampoo players. Also, with the increasing income levels of the middle class population, the usage of shampoos has increased. Despite its undisputed potential, the rapid expansion of the shampoo market was interrupted in 1999. Overall growth rates in the market slowed to 1. 7% in 1999, from 16% the previous year. Lack of innovation was the major reason for slowdown. The perception that shampoos contain harsh hemicals that could damage hair, high price and the view that the shampoo is more of a glamour product rather than a hygiene product led to lower sales. The players came out with the idea of smaller packs, which were a success. Also, products like anti dandruff started getting att ention and became the fastest growing category. Players like Dabur and Ayush came up with herbal shampoos. 1. 5 The top Shampoo brands Normal Shampoos †¢Clinic Plus †¢Sunsilk †¢Chik Anti Dandruff Shampoos †¢Clinic All Clear †¢Head and Shoulders †¢Dabur Vatika AD Premium Products †¢Shehnaz Hussain †¢Revlon Flex †¢L'Oreal 1. 6 Market Scenario of shampoo industry The India shampoo industry is estimated at Rs 14 bn and is growing at an average rate of 20% per annum. According to AC Nielsen, shampoo is one of the fastest growing categories within FMCG sector and is expected to grow at 25% per annum in the coming years. Major Players of Indian shampoo industry [pic] HLL By all accounts, the UNILEVER group is India's foremost multinational . The group has been operating in India for over 60 years. Being first it has being given the market leadership position in many product categories. Lever's have a sprawling distribution coverage which in the case of HLL extends to 3,200 stockists and 600,000 shops directly serviced by the company. HLL is today a multi-product, multi-unit organization addressing various public health challenges facing humanity. HLL is the undisputed leader from the early 1990s with brands like Sunsilk, Clinic All Clear and Clinic Plus. Sunsilk is the name of a brand of hair care products for women produced by the Unilever group. It was launched in 1954 in the United Kingdom and by 1959 it was available in 18 different countries world-wide. Currently, Sunsilk products are being marketed in over 50 countries throughout Asia, Latin America, The Middle East and North Africa. The Sunsilk brand is intended to demonstrate a perceptive and sympathetic understanding of women, communicate the idea of capturing the â€Å"emotional drama† in a girl’s life, and to provide a source of expert beauty care for women. P & G In US-the world’s largest market place in terms of effective demand-the Cincinnati (Ohio)-based household and personal care products colossus P & G Co. is a renowned company. Over the past 157 years (1837-1994) since William Proctor and James GambIe entered into partnership to manufacture candles and soap in Cincinnati, P & G has conceptualized, manufactured and effectively marketed a stream of consumer products, which have contributed significantly to American consumers Currently P & G employs l lakh people globally and has subsidiaries in over 60 countries including India. On 1st April 1988, the Bombay based Richardson Hindustan Ltd. commenced doing business as Proctor and Gamble India Ltd. The strategies and methodologies that the company has innovated to facilitate its inexorable growth have won it a place of honor in virtually every country. Yet to categories P & G as merely an excellent marketing company is to do it an injustice. It is an excellent marketing and product research company while its R & D, manufacturing strategies and operations are its major strengths. P & G entered India in Nov 1995, with the world’s largest selling brand – Pantene. It also launched Head , which is the leading AD shampoo Head & Shoulders is a famous brand of anti-dandruff shampoo produced by Procter & Gamble. Head & Shoulders was first introduced to the U. S. market in November 1961, as a blue-green shampoo formula. Unlike other shampoos, Head & Shoulders had relatively few variations until the late 1990s and early 2000s, and there are now in excess of ten different kinds of shampoo for different hair types under the Head & Shoulders banner. It has since then grown into a billion dollar brand. The people responsible for this were Robert Jongstra (Procter & Gamble General Manager) and Olga Barr (Saatchi & Saatchi Global Creative Director). Pantene is a brand of hair care products owned by Procter & Gamble. The brand's best-known product is the conditioning shampoo Pantene Pro V. CavinKare CavinKare was founded by Ranganathan in 1983, with a modest capital investment of Rs 15,000 and with a single product. The company was called Chik India Pvt. Ltd. , and its product was Chik shampoo. The company targeted the local market and within a few years emerged as a leading regional player in the shampoo market in South India. In 1998, the company adopted its present name, CavinKare Pvt. Ltd. , to signify its change from a single-product company to a broader FMCG company, encompassing various market segments such as hair, skin and personal care. According to company sources, ‘Cavin' is a literary word in Tamil meaning Beauty and Grace, while ‘Care' was modified to start with the letter ‘K' instead of ‘C' as a tribute to Rang Nathan’s father, ‘Chinni Krishnan. ‘†¦. L’Oreal Group [pic][pic]L’Oreal Group headquartered in the Paris suburb of Clichy, France, is the world's largest cosmetics and beauty company. L’Oreal has developed activities in the field of cosmetics, concentrating on hair color, skin care, sun protection, make-up, perfumes and hair care. L’Oreal is active in the dermatological and pharmaceutical fields. L’Oreal is also the top nanotechnology patent-holder in the United States. THe CEO of L'Oreal SA in France is Jean-Paul Agon. L'Oreal is a listed company, but the founder's daughter Liliane Bettencourt who is one of the richest people in the world, and the Swiss food company Nestleeach control over a quarter of the shares and voting rights. L’Oreal markets its range of specialized hair care products exclusively through salons and beauty parlors. It is the only company in the market that has a hair colour range tailored exclusively for parlors. The company was also the first to introduce modern shampoo-based hair dyes for the Indian market Garnier is a company producing hair care products, including the Fructis line, and most recently, skin care products under the name, Nutritioniste, that are sold around the world. It is a brand of L'Oreal. One of their key ingredients is a fruit concentrate used in all their products. It is a combination of fruit acids, vitamin B3 and B6, fructose and glucose 1. 7 Consumer Behavior The term consumer behavior may be defined as the decision process and physical activities in which individuals engage them while evaluating, acquiring, using or disposing off goods and services. The study of consumer behavior is the study of how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources on consumption of related items. Buying behavior is an attempt to understand and predict human actions in the buying role. The issues that dealt within the discipline of consumers’ buying behavior are: ? What products and services do the consumers buy? ? How do they buy? ? Why do they buy? ? From where do they buy? ? When do they buy? Consumer behavior provides a sound basis for identifying and understanding consumer needs. It is the act of the individuals directly involved in obtaining and using economic goods and services. The study of consumer behavior is an essential component of marketing. The adoption of marketing concept by the marketers provides the impetus for the study of consumer behavior. In case of New Product Introduction in the market, there is a risk of product failure. To increase the chances of success of new products, better information of the consumer behavior is required. Their desires, tastes and preferences are to be taken care of. So from all these aspects the study of consumer behavior is important. 1. 8 Objectives of the study †¢ To study the consumer awareness regarding branded shampoos. †¢ To study the source of information regarding awareness of brands †¢ To study the factors influencing choice of consumers towards branded shampoos. †¢ To study the reasons for consistency /change in regard to brands of shampoos. CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Methodology deals with the method of study i. e. how the study was carried out and what were the various techniques used. It is careful investigation or enquiry in a systematic manner in order to find a solution to problem in research. It consists of defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solution, collecting and evaluating data, making deduction and reaching calculation etc and at last care fully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulated hypothesis or not. It includes the scope of the study, research design, collection of data, analysis of data and limitations of the study. 2. 1 Scope of the study The scope of the study is to get the knowledge about the buying behavior of consumers towards the branded shampoos in Ludhiana. The scope is restricted to study consumer’s awareness regarding branded shampoos and the factors influencing choice of consumers towards branded shampoos in ludhiana. This is done to avoid perceptual bias and for providing objectivity to the study. 2. 2 Research Design The research design is an arrangement of condition for collection and analysis of data in manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure. The research problem in clear-cut terms helps the researches to prepare a research design. It constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data. It is the strategy for a study and the plan by which the strategy is to be carried out. The research carried down is descriptive in nature because it describes the consumer buying behavior regarding branded shampoos. 2. 3 Data Collection 2. 3. 1 Primary Data Primary data is that data which is collected for the first time. It is original in nature in the shape of raw material. For the purpose of collection of primary data, a well-structured questionnaire was given to the respondents and they were personally interviewed to fulfill the objectives of the study. The questionnaire comprises of close ended as well as open-ended questions. In close ended questions dichotomous, ranking, likert’s scale, checklist questions and multiple choice questions are used. 2. 3. Secondary Data Secondary data is the data which is already collected by someone. They are secondary in nature and are in shape of finished product. Secondary data was collected so as to have accurate results and the required data was collected from various magazines, newspapers, journals and internet to gathe r relevant information about the shampoo industry and the leading brands of shampoos. 2. 4 Sampling Design Sampling refers to selecting some of the elements in a population by which one can draw conclusions about the entire population. 2. 4. 1Universe Universe is the infinite number of elements that the researcher is targeting in his study. Here the universe for the study consists of all the people who use branded shampoos. 2. 4. 2 Population Population is finite number of elements that the researcher is going to target in particular area. People throughout Ludhiana who use branded shampoos constitute the population of my research. 2. 4. 2. A) Element- Consumers i. e people using branded shampoos 2. 4. 2. B) Sampling Unit-A single consumer using Branded shampoo 2. 4. 2. C) Extent- Ludhiana city 2. 4. 2 D) Time of Study- Six months 2. 4. 3 Sampling Technique In my research I have used non-probability technique for drawing a sample from the population. In non-probability technique I have preferred ‘Convenience sampling’ method because population of my research is huge and due to the time constraint I will be catering to 100 people according to my convenience. The selection of the respondents was done on the basis of convenience based on the non-probability method of sampling. Convenience sampling was basically used due to money, time as well as distance constraints. 2. 4. 4 Sample size Sample size is the size of sample drawn from the population which is the true representative of the research. The number of respondents included in the study was 100 for convenience in evaluating and analyzing the data and because of time constraint. Business |18 | |Service |24 | |Professional |5 | |Student |40 | |Housewife |13 | |Total |100 | 5. Data Analysis and Interpretation For the purpose of analyzing, raw data was summarized in a master table and from this table the results have been carried out. The questions having alternati ve choices were analyzed by taking percentages. In the case of questions on Likert’s point scale, the mean scores and percentages were calculated. In case of ranking questions the total score has been added and final ranking is given. The questions to which there were specific answers the ranges were clubbed and percentages were calculated. In case of explanatory questions, the general suggestions were summarized. 2. 6 Limitations of the study Sincere efforts have been made to collect authentic and reliable information from respondents, however the report is subject to following limitations: 1. The study was limited to Ludhiana city only. Wider coverage would have made the study more reliable and representative. 2. Sample was drawn by convenience sampling, so possibility of sampling error cannot be ruled out. 3. Responses of respondents were biased based on their personal preferences. 4. Due to time and cost constraints, study could not be carried out on a large scale 5. Sample may not be the true representative of the universe CHAPTER 3 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION The present chapter deals with analysis of data collected from the consumers regarding their awareness level regarding branded shampoos, Factors considered by them while purchasing branded shampoos and to check their brand loyalty. A total of 100 consumers were personally interviewed with help of structured questionnaires. Results of the study: Table 3. 1 Number of respondents using branded shampoos |Response |No. f respondents |Percentage(%) | |Yes |88 |88 | |No |12 |12 | |Total |100 |100 | Figure 3. 1 [pic] Interpretation: From the above table, we can conclude that out of 100, 88% respondents use branded shampoos and 12% don’t use branded shampoos. So branded shampoos are very commonly used in Ludhiana. Table 3. 2 Fr equency of using Shampoo in a week |Frequency |No. f Respondents |Percentage (%) | |1-3 times |48 |48 | |3-5 times |33 |33 | |Daily |19 |19 | |Total |100 |100 | Figure 3. 2 [pic] Interpretation: From the above table, it is clear that 48% respondents use shampoos 1-3 times in a week, 33% respondents use shampoos 3-5 times in a week and rest of the respondents use shampoos daily. Table 3. 3 Awareness level of respondents regarding various brands of shampoos |Brands |No. of responses |Average Scores | |Garnier |80 |0. 16 | |L’Oreal |73 |0. 14 | |Sunsilk |92 |0. 9 | |Pantene |83 |0. 17 | |Clinic |77 |0. 16 | |Head & Shoulders |84 |0. 17 | Figure 3. 3 Interpretation: From the above table and graph it is clear that out of 100 respondents, 92% are aware of Sunsilk, followed by Head & Shoulders, Pantene, Garnier, Clinic and least are aware of L’Oreal. Table 3. 4 Source of information regarding Branded shampoos |Sources |No. f responses |Average Scores | |Newspaper |51 |0. 22 | |Television |81 |0. 35 | |Magazine |49 |0. 21 | |Salesman |4 |0. 02 | |Friends/Relative |27 |0. 8 | |Internet |18 |0. 08 | Figure 3. 4 Interpretation: From above table it is clear that television is the most important source of information followed by Newspaper, Magazine, information from friends/relative, Internet and least important source of information is from salesman. 3. 5 Most preferred shampoo brand among consumers is Sunsilk followed by Head and Shoulders, Pantene, Garnier, Clinic and least preferred is L’Oreal. However some respondents also prefer chik shampoo because of its price and some other medicated shampoos or herbal shampoos. Table 3. Most important factor of consumer preference |Factors |No. of responses |Avg scores | |Price |27 |0. 15 | |Brand |35 |0. 20 | |Quality |76 |0. 43 | |Schemes(discount offers) |9 |0. 5 | |Packaging |10 |0. 06 | |Quantity/Package |6 |0. 03 | |Advertisement |15 |0. 08 | Figure 3. 6 [pic] Interpretation: From the above table, it can be concluded that quality is the most important factor while considering the preference of shampoos followed by brand and price factor. And the least important factor while buying the shampoo is Quantity/Package after Packaging. Table 3. 7 Preference of brands of shampoos Brands |Total Score |Rank | |L’Oreal |379 |6 | |Head & Shoulders |332 |3 | |Pantene |324 |2 | |Clinic |378 |5 | |Sunsilk |312 |1 | |Garnier |377 |4 | Figure 3. 7 [pic] Interpretation: In the above table 1 is given to the most preferred and 5 to the least preferred to rank the shampoo brands. Most preferred shampoo brand among consumers is Sunsilk followed by Pantene, Head and Shoulders, Clinic, Garnier and least preferred is L’Oreal . Table 3. 8 Importance level of factors considered by respondents while purchasing Shampoos |Factors |Strongly Disagree (-2)|Disagree |Neutral |Agree |Strongly Agree |Mean Score | | | |(-1) |(0) |(1) |(2) |. |Price |7 |26 |23 |23 |21 |0. 28 | |Brand |3 |19 |21 |33 |24 |0. 63 | |Quality |2 |10 |19 |39 |30 |0. 96 | |Schemes |36 |17 |22 |16 |7 |-0. 67 | |Packaging |12 |26 |31 |24 |6 |-0. 5 | |Quantity/Package |31 |28 |18 |19 |3 |-0. 73 | |Advertiseme nts |12 |4 |34 |20 |30 |0. 54 | Figure 3. 8 [pic] Interpretation: In above table, 2 is the weightage given to Strongly Agree, 1 to Agree, 0 to Neutral, -1 to Disagree and -2 to Strongly Disagree; the mean (0. 96) of quality being calculated lies between 0 to 1 so it is very near to strongly agree therefore from the above table we can conclude that respondents feel that quality is the most important factor while considering the preference of shampoos followed by brand, advertisement and price factor. And the least important factor while buying the shampoo is Quantity/Package after Schemes available as their mean scores are coming in negative. Table 3. 9 Brand Switch if particular brand is not available |Response |No. of respondents |Percentage (%) | |Yes |62 |70 | |No |26 |30 | |Total |88 |100 | Figure 3. 9 [pic] Interpretation: From above table, it is clear that 70% of the respondents buy another brand if a particular brand is not available. 3. 10 The most preferred alternate brand is Clinic, followed by Head & Shoulder, Clinic, L’Oeal, Pantene and the least preferred brand as an alternate is Garnier. Table 3. 11 Brand Loyalty among consumers |Response |No. Of respondents |Percentage (%) | |Yes |58 |65. 91 | |No |30 |34. 9 | |Total |88 |100 | Figure 3. 11 [pic] Interpretation: It is clear from the table that 65. 91% of the respondents are not brand loyal and does switch over the brand Table 3. 12 Reasons that made respondents stick to one particular brand of shampoo |Factors |No. of respondents |Avg Scores | |Price |18 |0. 23 | |Brand |18 |0. 3 | |Quality |26 |0. 33 | |Schemes(discount offers) |4 |0. 05 | |Packaging |3 |0. 04 | |Quantity/Package |4 |0. 05 | |Advertisement |6 |0. 08 | Figure 3. 12 [pic] Interpretation: It is clear from above that quality is the main reason that made respondents stick to one particular brand as it is having the highest mean score. Price and brand are having equal mean scores and are the second most important factors. 3. 13(a) The most common reason that made respondents switch over to another brand of shampoo is that they like changing brands. Other important reasons are quality and schemes that made respondents switch over to another brand of shampoo. Table 3. 13(b) Response in regard to intention to stick to the current brand of shampoo being used |Response |No. Of respondents |Percentage (%) | |Less than one month |19 |28. 35 | |1-3 months |23 |34. 32 | |3-5 months |13 |19. 40 | |More than 5 months |12 |17. 93 | |Total |67 |100 | Figure 3. 13(b) [pic] Interpretation: From above figure it is clear that out of 67 respondents who did not stick to one particular brand, 19 have intention of sticking to current brand for 1 to 3 months, 19 for lass tan 1 month, 13 for 3-5 months and 12 for more than 5 months. Table No. 3. 14 Satisfaction level of consumers towards their preferred shampoo brand |Very Bad |Bad |Average |Good |Very good |Mean Score | |(-2) |(-1) |(0) |(1) |(2) | | |-20(10) |-4(4) |0(10) |29(29) |70(35) |0. 85 | Figure 3. 14 [pic] Interpretation: In above table, 2 is the weightage given to very good, 1 to Good, , 0 to average and -1 to Bad and –2 to Very Bad; the mean (0. 5) being calculated lies between 0 to 1 so it is more near to Very Good therefore from the above table we can conclude that respondents are satisfied with their currently using brand. Demographic profile of respondents Sex Wise |Sex |No. of respondents |Percentage (%) | |Male |41 |41 | |Female |59 |59 | |Total |100 |100 | Age Wise |Age |No. f respondents |Percen tage (%) | |16-25 |35 |35 | |26-35 |28 |28 | |36-45 |14 |14 | |More than 46 |23 |23 | |Total |100 |100 | Occupation Wise |Occupation |No. f respondents |Percentage (%) | |Business |18 |18 | |Service |24 |24 | |Professional |5 |5 | |Student |40 |40 | |Housewife |13 |13 | |Total |100 |100 | Chapter IV Results and Findings Findings from the study: †¢ From the research it was found that 88% respondents use branded shampoos. †¢ As far as frequency of using shampoos in a week is concerned, 48% respondents use shampoos 1-3 times in a week, 33% respondents use shampoos 3-5 times in a week and rest of the respondents use shampoos daily. Television (81%) is the most important source of information followed by Newspaper (51%), Magazine (49%), information from friends/relative (27%), internet (18%) and least important source of information is from salesman (4%). †¢ Most preferred shampoo brand among consumers is Sunsilk followed by Pantene, Head and Shoulders, Cli nic, Garnier and least preferred is L’Oreal . †¢ The most important factor considered by respondents while purchasing shampoo is quality as it has mean score of 0. 96, followed by brand (0. 63) and advertisement (0. 54) †¢ Out of 100 respondents, only 37% respondents stick to one particular brand and out of respondents who stick to one particular brand consider quality being the most important factor for it Out of 67% respondents who switch to other brand, majority of them quoted the reason â€Å"I like changing Brands† for shifting to other brands. †¢ As far as the intentions of 67 respondents for sticking to current brand used by them is concerned, very less have intention of switching over the brand and are satisfied with the current brand they are using. †¢ Out of 67 respondents who did not stick to one particular brand, 19 have intention of sticking to current brand for 1 to 3 months, 19 for lass tan 1 month, 13 for 3-5 months and 12 for more t han 5 months. †¢ Mostly all the respondents are satisfied with their currently using brand. †¢ The suggestions which are given for their currently used brand are: Consumers of L’oreal want its price to be lesser. Consumers of Pantene want to have more hair specific like Sunsilk. No suggestion has been recommended by consumers of Sunsilk Chapter 5 Conclusion and Summary The results reflected the perception of users in Ludhiana of branded shampoos. The results of the study indicate that though the price of shampoos is perceived to be on the higher side of users, the quality offered by these products compensates for their dissatisfaction. The Ludhiana users accept that high quality comes at a price. Since the study was restricted to the Ludhiana city so there is need to study more in other cities to get the clear view of the findings. Scope for further study Many companies are coming up with the shampoos with enough variety as it’s the fastest growing FMCG product now days. There is a huge potential market in India and better scope. To survive in such an environment, all the companies will have to undertake bold efforts towards their products in such a way so as to meet the requirements and expectations of the consumers. It therefore calls for a continuous research in this field as consumer preferences keep changing with time and so does their buying behavior. Hence it provides basis of a scope for further research. Appendix Questionnaire 1. Do you use branded shampoo? Yes No 2. How many times do you use shampoo in a week? a. 1-3 times _____________ b. 3-5 times _____________ c. Daily _____________ 3. Which of the following brands are you aware of? a. Garnier _____________ b. L’Oreal _____________ c. Sunsilk _____________ d. Pantene _____________ e. Clinic _____________ f. Head & Shoulders_____________ 4. What is your source of information for this? a. Newspaper _____________ b. Television _____________ c. Magazine _____________ d. Salesman _____________ e. Friends/Relative _____________ f. Internet _____________ 5. Which brand are you currently using? _____________ 6. Why do you use this particular brand? ? Price ? Brand ? Quality ? Schemes (discount offers) ? Packaging ? Quantity/Package ?Advertisements If any other please tell 7. Please rank the following brands of shampoos on the basis of your preference (a-most preferable and f-least preferable) a. L’Oreal _____________ b. Head & Shoulders _____________ c. Pantene _____________ d. Clinic _____________ e. Sunsilk _____________ f. Garnier _____________ 8. While making a purchase decision, rate the following factors that affect your decision. Factors |Strongly Disagree |Disagree |Neutral |Agree |Strongly | | | | | | |Agree | |Price | | | | | | |Brand | | | | | | |Quality | | | | | | |Schemes | | | | | | |(Discount offers) | | | | | | |Packaging | | | | | | |Quantity/Package | | | | | | |Advertisements | | | | | | 9. If your preferred brand is not available, do you purchase another brand? Yes No If yes go to Q No 10,if no go to Q No 11 10. Which brand you are ready to purchase if your prefe rred brand is not available? _____________ 11. Do you switch over a particular brand? Yes No If yes go to Q No 13,if no go to Q No 12 12. Why do you stick to a particular brand? a. Price _____________ b. Brand _____________ c. Quality _____________ d. Schemes (discount offers) _____________ e. Packaging _____________ f. Quantity/Package _____________ g. Advertisements _____________ 13. a) Why did you switch over the brand? b) For how long you intend to stick to current brand? a. Less than 1 month _____________ b. 1-3 months _____________ c. 3-5 months _____________ d. More than 5 months_____________ 14. What do you think about the current brand you are using? Very Bad Bad Average Good Very Good ———-I————–I————–I————–I————–I————– Any suggestions Personal Details: Name: _______________________ Age: _______________________ Gender: _______________________ Occupation: _______________________ Address: Contact No: _______________________ Bibliography Prasad , â€Å"Use of advertising and their impact on the consumer behavior†, Indian Journal of Management, Volume XXXIII, Number 4, April 2003, Page 3-5 Moorthi YLR, Brand Management(The Indian Context),2003,Edition V,Page 16-25 Kotler Philip, Principles of Mrketing, 2004,Prentice Hall, New Delhi, Pg 204-209 Bearden, William O. and Michael J. Etzel, â€Å"Reference group influence on Product and Brand Purchase Decisions†, Journal of Consumer Research, September 1982,Pg 183-194. Websites: – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pantene http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Shampoo http://www. diplomatist. com/dipo1st06/story_12. htm http://inhome. rediff. com/money/2003/jul/19spec. htm http://www. indiantelevision. com/tamadex/y2k4/june/tam63. htm http://www. equitymaster. com/research-it/sector-info/consprds/consprds-products. html http://www. domain-b. com/companies/companies_p/procter_gamble_india/20040129_wars. htm ———————– [pic] [pic]

Evaluation Based On Their Episodic Memory - 1745 Words

Introduction Eyewitnesses are required to provide testimony based on their episodic memory to aid the investigation in courtroom. Idealistically, eyewitnesses are able to provide details of crime scene accurately. However, the interference during the process of encoding and retrieval of episodic memory may impair eyewitnesses’ memory. In Megreya and Burton (2008) research, it was found that witnesses were less capable to encode faces in traumatic events. Because of flashbulb effect, some witnesses may hold a belief that they can vividly remember the details of crime scene despite their memory was somehow flawed. It poses an adverse effect on criminal justice system as the subjective judgment of eyewitnesses’ identification contributed to more than 75% occurrence of 239 DNA exoneration cases. (Ask Granhag, 2010). During the retrieval process, Therefore, cognitive psychologists and scientists conducted decades of methodological research to improve the accuracy of eyewitn esses’ memory. This essay would mainly focus on how ‘cognitive interview’, one of the widely studied scientific techniques since 1980s that corrects the errors and deficiencies of memory retrieval during conventional police interview. Discussion Police often relied on eyewitnesses’ testimony to determine the solution of cases (ref). Before the development of cognitive interview, techniques like asking closed-ended questions and leading questions were frequently adopted in interview process (Loftus Zanni,Show MoreRelatedSummary : General Psychology. Landon Horsch. Apa Style Citation1586 Words   |  7 PagesAPA Style Citation: Saive, A., Royet, J., Garcia, S., Thà ©venet, M., Plailly, J. (2015). What-Where-Which episodic retrieval requires conscious recollection and is promoted by semantic knowledge. Plos ONE, 10(12), 1-13. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143767 Summary: I. Abstract Pg.1 - The conscious retrieval of events from the past is defined as episodic memory - Having a recollective experience or a feeling of knowing may not be sufficient, but it remains unresolved - The experimentRead MoreLanguage Processing And Memory Retrieval903 Words   |  4 PagesIn the past, cognitive studies on language processing and memory retrieval was mostly focused on monolingual speakers. The idea of bilingualism and its effect on memory is relatively new, but it is also considered as a rising topic in the field of psychology, linguistics, cognitive science, and second language studies. In 1993, Javier, Barroso, and Muà ±oz conducted a research with a group of Spanish-English bilingual speakers. They emphasized that language is a powerful retrieval tool and a cue toRead MoreDifferences Between Male And Female Brain1536 Words   |  7 PagesAre there physical differences in the male and female brain? Are there gender differences in memory? If there are differences, do they begin as early as childhood or adolescence? As we age, and experience life, are men or women more superior in the recollection of memories? Even a novice in the study of gender and memory c ould presume that male and female’s brains are different, and they would presume correctly as evidenced by the results of many studies performed and the articles written to recordRead MorePsychology Chapter 7 and 8 Vocab870 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 7 * Encoding-entering/getting information into your memory; forming a memory code * Storage- saving information into your memory over time * Retrieval- being able to recall information from memory * Tip- of-the-tongue phenomenon- when you know certain information but have difficulty being able to recall it. * Attention- focusing your awareness to certain thing * Structural encoding- emphasizes the physical structures of a stimulus * Phonemic encoding- emphasizesRead MoreA Research Study On Alzheimer s Disease1394 Words   |  6 Pagesread, studies were performed to detect working memory (WM) deficits through behavioral, functional, and structural changes amongst nonimpaired, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s adults. Further investigation of tracking WM and executive function skills over time, were performed. In addition, to biomarker analysis, can identify individuals during MCI as being at risk for progression towards AD†, (Kirova, A., et.al, 2015, p.1) â€Å"As we age, memory becomes more prone to errors and distortions.Read MoreEvidence Suggesting Three Plausible Functions Of Sleep1312 Words   |  6 Pagesinclude mental health (Jackowska et al, 2011), cardiovascular disease (Kronholm et al, 2011) and memory (Hu et al, 2006). The key aspects are explained in detail with regards to studies. The findings from the studies will help justify the function and it’s involvement with sleep. Sleep is important for an individual’s well being, survival, brain development, emotional regulation, cognitive function, memory, and in order to protect mental and cardiovascular health. An individual should sleep for 6-8Read Moreevaluation of the WMM2112 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿CEP – Evaluation of the Working Memory Model Atkinson’s and Shiffrin’s (1968) multi-store model was extremely successful in terms of the amount of research it generated. However, as a result of this research, it became apparent that there were a number of problems with their ideas concerning the characteristics of short-term memory. Building on this research, Baddeley and Hitch (1974) developed an alternative model of short-term memory which they called working memory. Baddeley and Hitch (1974)Read MoreThe Effects Of Repetitive Head Impact On Athletes Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesFor example, the movie â€Å"concussion† was released in December 2015 start an uproar of the media consider of the early focus on professional football players due to the game built around quick and full contact between powerful players. The movie was based off a true-life story which unfolding in September 2002, when Omalu was assigned to perform an autopsy on the body of Mike Webster. He discovered the presence of tau prote ins. The proteins would cause impair moods and cognitive function upon accumulationRead MoreThe Stages Of Memory And How The Staged Interact2295 Words   |  10 PagesMemory is one’s ability to encode, retain and recall stored information of what happens, happened or what is happening in our daily life. Memories not only demonstrate the brain’s complexity but also not simply recorded and neatly stored. Our memories are selected, constructed, and edited not just by us but by the world around us. In 1960s, Atkinson and shiffrin developed the three model of how our memory system for example information enters from our physical environment through our senses intoRead MoreShort-Term and Long-Term Memory Loss1129 Words   |  5 PagesForgetting in Short-Term and Long-Term Memory: The memory of human beings is similar to that of computers because it allows individuals to store information for later or future use. However, the storage of information in humans involves three major processes i.e. encoding, storage, and retrieval. The encoding process basically involves transforming data into meaningful form like association with an existing image, memory, or sound. This is followed by holding on to the information through a physiological